Legalisation of Same Sex Marriage and the Impact on Family...

Persuasive Essay Legalisation of Same Sex Marriage and the Impact on Family Values Lately there has been a great deal of discussion over legalising same sex marriage. To some people; there is no problem with it. However this is a controversial matter and there is still a great deal of debate ongoing in some countries, including this one, whether homosexual couples should continue to be denied the rights that straight couples enjoy. There is no reason why homosexuals relationships should be differentiated in any way from heterosexual ones. Homosexuality isn t a choice. Any intolerance in our society concerning something someone cannot control, where no harm is caused, is not only ludicrous but also a form of discrimination. There is†¦show more content†¦Recently the American President was quoted in Chicago showing his support for gay couples adopting. ...what makes you a man is not the ability to make a child, it s the courage to raise one. This shows how times have changed and the support for gay rights is growing. Sadly many people feel that same sex marr iage should be illegal because they feel that homosexual couples are unable to make the same contributions to society that heterosexual marriages are able to make. Despite this homosexual marriages do not affect society in a negative way and should be legal and recognized just as heterosexual marriages are. Physically homosexuals cannot procreate, but that does not mean that they can t contribute to society through raising children well. There are millions of children who want to be in a home with a family who love them. Foster children are often sent from foster home to foster home, which leads to a very unsteady childhood. Currently one quarter of children living with same-sex couples in the United States have been adopted, according to a research done by the Georgia State University College of Law. Some say that homosexuals will not be able to provide a stable house for children, but a home with two caring parents is far more stable than a foster home where a child rarely receive s attention. Due to the fact that most nations are wanting to be one of equality, if homosexuals are not allowedShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Black Civil Rights1248 Words   |  5 Pagesrights in America is unfortunately once again significant, however this time in reference to marriage equality in Australia. The failure of the law to allow all couples regardless of sex to marry, and furthermore refusal to acknowledge marriages conducted overseas, is a disgrace to the nation supposedly know as accepting of difference and intolerant to discrimination. Among innumerable reasons why marriage equality should be legalized in Australia, a prominent one is that restricting the option toRead MoreDiscrimination Imposed Upon Minority Groups Throughout History1446 Words   |  6 PagesThe process of overcoming the significance and intensity of discrimination imposed upon minority groups throughout history, is undeniably a strenuous and elongated one; once the impact and magnitude of centuries of persecution and the depth of illegitimacy that is ingrained within the structures and beliefs of the state and those who are fortunate enough to have its protection; are considered. As background for this essay, it is important to acknowledge the various dimensions of discrimination andRead MoreThe Debate On Legalizing Same Sex Marriage1251 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Marriage also known as matrimony is the process in which two people legally or formally recognize the love between a man and woman or in some jurisdictions, two people of the same sex (Physcology Today , 2015 ). Marriage is an important part of our society. The emotional bond between two lovers is the strongest bond and most sacred (Anderson, 2013 ). However there are people who get left out because their partner is not of the same gender as they are. The debate on legalising same sex marriageRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesEqual marriage has always been a contentious issue in society. The legalisation of same sex marriage in New Zealand in August 2013 via the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act has been a source of pride for those in some parts of our society and a source of horror for those in other parts. This issue split the country, and those in power, right down the middle, with some people taking sides that didn’t nece ssarily align with what would be expected of their political leanings. The issueRead MoreThe Case Of Criminalising Prostitution1631 Words   |  7 Pagesform of control over the sex industry (Wardhani 2015). He continues to say that decriminalising prostitution is meant to give the sex-workers a protection and safety reason while working. Ahok also suggests that sex workers will be given certificates and periodical health checks regularly. Many cases of criminalising prostitution have been resulted into unpleasant incidents and uncivilised actions suffered by the prostitutes. Licensing would, fundamentally, help to secure sex workers, who are tremendouslyRead MoreDevelopment of My Personal Core Values Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal values are something which we develop through the course of life; they can change over time and may be influenced by our family, friends, culture, religion and the media. Personal values develop through experience and development, they impact o ur personal lives as well as our professional lives. This essay will look at my personal values, how they were shaped through the course of my life and the influence on my view of society and the role of the practitioner. Conclusively, I will outlineRead MoreEssay on Champion Equality Diversity and Inclusion3510 Words   |  15 PagesPractice. To work as a manager in health and social care I am responsible for ensuring that all individuals, their families, friends, carers and members of staff and those I am working in partnership with are treated equally. Everyone should be treated with dignity and respect. To achieve this requirement my responsibility to provide information for service users and their family about their rights and about the Complaint procedure. My responsibility is also to provide training for staff and makeRead MoreRomantic love is a poor basis for marriage.2917 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The decline of marriage in the West has been extensively researched over the last three decades (Carmichael and Whittaker; de Vaus; Coontz; Beck-Gernshein). Indeed, it was fears that the institution would be further eroded by the legalisation of same sex unions internationally that provided the impetus for the Australian government to amend the Marriage Act (1961). These amendments in 2004 sought to strengthen marriage by explicitly defining, for the first time, marriage as a legal partnershipRead MoreCOM3702 Portfolio10930 Words   |  44 Pagesfor society. The public communications system was also seen as clearly less important than the national interest. Early communication tool in South Africa were strategically seen as important tools of colonisation. Through public communication the values and culture of the coloniser were to be entrenched. In South Africa, telecommunications have largely been controlled by the state (the government). Policy-makers have seen this as the model that would best serve the public, rather than allowing suchRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 PagesHealth Survey (SADHS), it was found that the total fertility rate has declined to an average of 2.9 children per woman (Dickson, 2002). A decline in fertility rates has been associated with a high use of contraceptives among women and also the legalisation of abortion in 1996 (Swartz, 2002). Despite the decline in the total fertility rate, adolescent pregnancy has been found to be significantly high. The SADHS revealed that adolescent pregnancies accounted for a third of all births (Dickson, 2002)

Thesis Statement In Hursts Short Story The Scarlet Ibis

The Scarlet Ibis James Hurst Part I Thesis Statement Thesis Statement In Hursts short story, The Scarlet Ibis, the narrator emerges from a arrogant, self-indulgent individual to an affectionate, knowledgeable young adult by experiencing the trauma of losing his brother because of his own selfish desires. I began to weep, and the tear-blurred vision in red before me looked very familiar. Doodle! I screamed above the pounding storm, and threw my body to the earth above his. For a long, long time, it seemed forever, I lay there crying, sheltering my fallen scarlet ibis from the heresy of rain. (Page 354). Quote Quote It was bad enough having an invalid brother, but having one who possibly was not all there was unbearable, so I began†¦show more content†¦Because the story is told in first person, the audience experiences the narrators fluctuation from resentment to love through the diction used to show the narrators spite for his brother include invalid, unbearable, kill, and smothering which reveal an hostile tone by showing that he is still a young boy who is bewildered about his brother. The Diction in the second paragraph such as kindest reveals more of a lighthearted and affectionate tone that shows the narrator has changed into a more devoted brother. Because the author tells the story in first person, the diction used by the narrator - hopeless, miracle, pride, proud, wonderful, terrible, and life and death - allows the reader to perceive a reflective tone and that the narrator has attained the knowledge of the benefits and handicaps of pride which can be th e burden of life or death. (Page 347). (Page 345). his brother. Diction Example: Heresy The word heresy shows that the narrator has realized the reason Doodle died was because he let his pride triumph his love for his brother. The use of first person point of view allowed the reader to be a part and experience what the reader was going through and his thoughts and actions. When the narrator threw his body to the Earth above his the audience felt like

A Novel Perspective Free Essays

When we hear crimes of murder, rape or abduction of women, we usually judge the case relying on the credibility of those involved. In accordance to evidence law, we try to establish credibility of the personalities involved such as the offender, the victim, and the witnesses to see who is telling the truth. However, as trial prevails, relying on credibility sometimes acquits the offender, after presenting enough evidence to destroy the credibility of the victim. We will write a custom essay sample on A Novel Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Oates’ short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going and Where Have You Been? the author presents an example of a crime where the criminal could be easily acquitted based on evidence of the victim’s willful submission to the desires of the offender. However, revealing the hypnotism behind the crime, the author implies a way to judge crimes using a novel perspective. Similar to the process of providing evidence in a trial, the author builds foundation of the case through characterization. She establishes the personality of the main character named Connie. In the introduction, Connie is strongly contrasted with her stereotypical sister, June. She is described as far more independent than the latter, making her a strong and willful character. Based on this, it is easy to think that Connie is partly responsible for whatever she experiences from her abductor, Arnold Friend. In addition, her strolling activities with her friends, not to mention her acquaintances with men, add to the denigration of her character. Her choice to be on her own while her friends go different ways suggests her adventurous nature. Also, her beauty makes it easy for her to attract attention especially from boys. Furthermore, occasions where she displays split personality, â€Å"Everything about her had two sides to it† (408), could emphasize Connie’s inclination to hang out with guys like Arnold Friend. While most aspects of the characterization could lead one to believe that Connie is to be blamed for her fate, the plot of the story, supported by the dialogues, reveals the truth about the crime. The development of the action shows Connie’s resistance to the will of the criminal. During the time Arnold tries to convince Connie to get out of the house, Connie repeatedly dismisses him, telling him that she does not recognize him at all. She even tries to use the phone to ask for help. As employed, the dialogues support the fact that Connie is taken against her will, and that she should not be blamed for the events that follow. Some points leading to the abduction can be established against Arnold Friend. Specifically, Arnold Friend’s age, which is twice that of Connie, shows the man’s sole accountability for the crime. Moreover, considering the fact that they are not of the same age confirms Connie’s dissociation from the man. Other evidences confirm that the crime was perfectly planned by a hard criminal. Specifically, the car, which bears Arnold’s name, is used to show outward identification, thus convincing Connie of his honest intention. Conversely, this could be used by Arnold as evidence of his innocence. It is easy to believe that if he really plans to abduct Connie, Arnold will not put his identification on his car. However, the judge should see the real motives behind the eager display of identity, which are to convince the victim of the abductor’s â€Å"honest intention,† and even to deny later allegations of abduction. Considering the car as evidence, it can be considered that the crime is carefully planned, thus adding degree to the sentence if Arnold gets convicted. Further to the evidences provided, analyzing the crime in view of hypnosis could provide a different angle to the story. The way Connie behaves at the end, as she deliberately follows orders from Arnold, illustrates the latter’s use of hypnosis. Just before her complete submission, Connie attempts to call the police, shut the door, scream out loud, but feels too weak to do so. This weakness can be attributed to the hypnosis that Arnold uses upon her. Particularly, Connie’s cold feeling, and her sudden weakness to even touch the phone’s dial are signs of being under hypnosis. The narrator of the story recounts instances when Connie feels â€Å"a wave of dizziness rise in her †¦Ã¢â‚¬  when she realizes how old Arnold and Ellie are, when she stares at the â€Å"x† sign that Arnold makes, and when she looks at Arnold’s face as Ellie mumbles words from the background music in the car. The final part, where Connie submits to Arnold’s embrace and closes the door of their house shows her fully hypnotized condition. Under hypnosis, Arnold easily convinces her to head into the car and elope with him, as if they two have a special relationship. Thus, to a bystander, this scene would make it look as if Connie really knows the guy, and that she intends to come with him in his car. This evidence, when presented later in court, could convince anyone of Connie’s willful consent, and could thus free the criminal. Revealing the element of hypnosis, the author suggests a novel perspective in judging crimes especially those related to Connie’s case, where the abductor is much older, and is a complete stranger. Showing symptoms of hypnotism, the author provides some insights one may use seeing a similar scenario in real life. There are times when one sees some couples who look strange, for instance, the woman is too young for the man, or the girl looks too submissive or too innocent. Although this thought does not apply to all appearing in this guise, it may be wise to observe if hypnotism is present in such cases. This way, one may help solve the problem of heinous crimes committed against women and children. Further to the symptoms of hypnosis that the author presents, tracing the ways by which hypnosis is employed provides readers some ideas on how one can be placed under hypnosis, and consequently, how one can rid of it. In the story, Arnold employs different means to put Connie under hypnosis. One is through the music he and Ellie play in the car. Notably, the mention of music in the scenes where Arnold sees Connie for the first time and when he is in front of Connie’s house suggests the offender’s use of music to induce hypnosis. As Connie listens to the music, it makes her feel so good, â€Å"like music at a church service† (408) which she could depend upon. Tapping to the tune of music from Ellie’s radio Arnold makes Connie feel disoriented to the things around her. She suddenly diverts attention to different things, like asking Arnold’s age, and becomes more aware of space than before. These behaviors show a significant change in her, thus implying abnormality of her state. In addition to the music, the â€Å"x† sign which Arnold makes in the air is likewise used to hypnotize her. â€Å"After his hand fell back to his side the X was still in the air, almost visible† (415). This illustrates Arnold’s use of hand sign similar to a pendulum during process of hypnosis to intensify Connie’s submission. Afterwards, â€Å"all †¦ things did not come together† (415) for Connie, and she finds it difficut to make sense of things, including the way Arnold talks and taps his finger to the beat of the music. The final part which implies Connie’s hypnotism implies the use of a novel perspective in dealing with crimes in the modern society. As the story shows, putting subjects under hypnosis allows the offender to conduct the crime without force, thus avoiding accountability for it later on. Applying this to reality, people who serve as witnesses to the closeness between the offender and the victim at the time of hypnosis will not shed light to the case because what they see is a mere facade, which happens under the control of the offender. Therefore, only the victims’ recall of what actually happened can help to convict a criminal. Until then, statutory evidence establishing credibility of the accused and the victims will not serve to bring justice. Instead, the use of a novel perspective such as uncovering occurrence of hypnotism proves to be the best way in dealing with crimes. How to cite A Novel Perspective, Papers

Government Relations Business Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Government Relations Business Management? Answer: Introducation It is very common these days that businessmen are ruling the countries by coming into power of politics. The question here arises that whether they are great leaders or not? What are the benefits to the business of the country when a businessmen becomes the president or came into power. Some argues that business and politics are very different from each other while some argues that politics is the kind of business. Evident suggest that there are many businessmen that came into power of politics to rule the country (Bertrand, Kramarz, Schoar and Thesmar, 2007). Some failed and some became the great leaders. As far as the positive side of the aspect is considered, it has been analysed that business skills helps the leaders to deal with public. Business theories such as leadership theories, management theories etc. can be implemented in the real world situation over large scale in the country. Business uses these theories at small scale while political leaders can implement the same at the country level by dealing with overall public. The major thing that goes with the positive aspect that businessmen are from the public and they have faced the issues while running the business themselves (Rothwell and Diego-Rosell, 2016). They better understand the industry and thus can take better decision for the country in terms of bringing more business to the country and increasing the economy. Business owners in politics bring a sense of energy for the people. They can show up their skills to them through their own business success. Businessmen are generally very clever and know how to manage thing s and thus the skills are applied by them in the country as well. Business people know that there are many ways to earn revenue to the country other than increasing the taxes for the middle class. This suggests that businessmen have better ways to run the government and can also make good politicians. One of the examples is Harry Truman (McKay, 2017). The saying clothes make the man is very true in this context. This is because he was the president succeeded in his political career more than his business career as the co-owner of the clothing shop. He was the president of US in the period of 1945 to 1953. He found great success in dealing with Americans at the time of end of World War 2nd. One of the other presidents of US known as Peanut Farmer was the one who also served the country with his business skills. During his tenure of leadership, the country enjoyed the rise in job opportunities of around 10 million (Parkin and Hardcastle, 2013). This can only be done by businessmen and not by a pure politician. This is because a businessman can only know about the importance of job and the skills to create the same. Trump is also not behind in the race of being a businessman and a great political leader. Donald Trump is the great example Americas success story. He is the one who has set the standards for business in the field of sports, real estate etc. As his business victory, Trump has also got success in his political career as well. Trump has completed his studies in finance from Wharton School of finance (Opoku, 2010). He followed the path of his father and started the business in the field of real estate. Along with the business in real estate industry, Trump proved himself as the great author with 14 bestsellers. Donald trump has shown his business skills in his political career by using some of the management and the leadership theories. He decided to campaign at the places that were difficult to win by the Republicans (Hall, Goldstein and Ingram, 2016). This is the first strategy that has been used by Trump. He has identified the area of weakness and used the strategy that can convert that weakness into strength. The basic strategy that has been used by Trump was to offer better trade deals to the new area in order to win their votes and the same happened. He was the one who tries to bring economic empowerment in all over America and this thought made him won the elections. It has been analysed that there were several presidents and political leaders who showed their business skills in their political tenure and get success but as far as the overall list is considered, it has also been identified that most of the leaders who have business background failed to succeed in their political careers (Sender, 2012). This is another aspect of business in politics. This is because everyone cant be Donald Trump and business is far different from politics in most of the sense. Leaders in business have single goal to make profit and to earn revenue for their stakeholders or shareholders but in politics, leaders have many goals at the same time. It is not possible to implement all the business and management theories on the political situation. This is because the effect of any wrong strategy in politics can affect the whole country and lot of public while in business; the affected area is very less as compared to politics. There is another big difference in busines s and politics (Fuchs and Lederer, 2007). Business requires the leaders to be pragmatic in nature while politics requires them to be philosophical. This is because in business, the business owner has to convince small group of people who are also there for making money but in politics, the president or the leaders has to convince the whole public for his doings and public is sensitive in nature. They want development but not just in economic way. Thus, inclusion of social parameters restricts the government leaders to be so pragmatic in nature. Business leaders know the language of money and try to achieve the votes of the people by implementing and introducing expensive campaigns. This may earn them the votes but the trust of public is necessary for being leaders (Okereke, Wittneben and Bowen, 2012). Researchers suggests that it is not possible for a business leader to be successful political leader as he does not have the power to convince people by touching their sentiments but c an only bribe them with the power of their money. As far as the case of Romney is concerned, he was the very successful business leader but fails to make his career successful in politics. This is because he treated politics as business. It has been identified that whenever he used to speak in front of public, he used to give example of his business strategies or skills (Obama, 2014). This turned negative for him. There are some other politicians or presidents in US those who have faced failure in their career such as Bush. The failure of these business leaders suggests that it is not the fact that businessmen who are successful in their business career can make a good politician. Above discussion argues about some of the negative and the positive aspects of businessmen being a political leader. Whether they can be good leader in politics or bad is always the dilemma to be discussed about. This is because it is not the background of the person that decides the success but it is skills that decide whether the person can be successful in a particular field or not. Business requires some other sense of intelligence and politics require some other sense of intelligence by the leaders. It is not necessary that business leaders always fail in politics but it is also not mandatory that those who are good and successful business leaders become good and useful politicians. Businesses politics is very commonly seen these days. This is because politics has also become the medium to earn (Frohlich and Oppenheimer, 2015). In terms of business, it can be said that leaders with business background have better sense of implementing the business policies in the country as they belongs to the same industry just what Trump is doing these days in America but his doings are also being criticised by the most of the people these days as he found to be confused with his tax policies. This is the time when the businessman has to show his political skills rather than business skills. This is because in business, the leader has to take the decision which earned him profit but in politics, he has to take the decision that earns him profit as well as earns profit to the whole country (Gaines, 2012). In case of business services in the country are concerned, the efforts of Trump are commendable and this proves that business leaders can make great politicians if they use the skills wisely at the large scale. The failure of the business leaders in politics is because of lack of their skills and not because they were businessmen earlier. So quoting the statement that business leaders cannot be better politicians is very wrong. References: Bertrand, M., Kramarz, F., Schoar, A. and Thesmar, D., 2007. Politicians, firms and the political business cycle: evidence from France.Unpublished working paper, University of Chicago. Frohlich, N. and Oppenheimer, J.A., 2015.Political leadership and collective goods. Princeton University Press. Fuchs, D. and Lederer, M.M., 2007. The power of business.Business and Politics,9(3), pp.1-17. Gaines, K.K., 2012.Uplifting the race: Black leadership, politics, and culture in the twentieth century. UNC Press Books. Hall, K., Goldstein, D.M. and Ingram, M.B., 2016. The hands of Donald Trump: Entertainment, gesture, spectacle.HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory,6(2), pp.71-100. McKay, D., 2017.American politics and society. John Wiley Sons. Obama, B., 2014. Statement by the President.The White House,7. Okereke, C., Wittneben, B. and Bowen, F., 2012. Climate change: Challenging business, transforming politics.Business Society,51(1), pp.7-30. Opoku, D., 2010.The Politics of Government-Business Relations in Ghana, 1982-2008. Springer. Parkin, A. and Hardcastle, L., 2013. Governmentbusiness relations.Government Politics in Australia, p.275. Rothwell, J.T. and Diego-Rosell, P., 2016. Explaining nationalist political views: The case of Donald Trump. Sender, K., 2012.Business, not politics: The making of the gay market. Columbia University Press.

Timeless Tales of The Blond e Indian Essays - Tlingit People

Timeless Tales of The "Blond e Indian" Thomas McCormack University of Alaska Anchorage Author's note For this essay I examined how Hayes' experiences, views, and culture helped shape the way that she would share her world through scholarly concepts and definitions from her story: Blonde Indian . I believe that I have succeeded in interpreting the story's meaning and why it is important to the audience. I do, however need work on the fluidity of my writing; perhaps that comes with lots and lots of practice. The caucus of Western-inspired genres initially confronts and is currently faced by traditional literary works. Blonde Indian: An Alaskan Native Memoir integrates, nature, history, culture, fiction, and clan tales into a n infused whole. Hayes influences alter the level of lyricism a nd separate narrative view. She uses the elements in the memoir ' s literary voice to ind icate changes to the audience, n arrated using articulate layers which i nfuse metaphor and native tales: spiritual journeys and social journey, the memoir traces Hayes' roots from a challenging childhood living among the Tlingit community, all through her adult life, and her return home (Brian, 2013) . Neither fully Euro-American or Native ; the author experiences a distinct sense of separation from both the prevailing culture and her Native people. Readers come across the author's challenges outside her native village together with clan's men scores who have never been alienated f r om the motherland however , they still struggle with personal problems. The challenges included : discriminati on, poverty, alcoholism, and unemployment. The "Blonde Indian" offers much more than an account of Hayes ' life because it delves into a symbo lic narrative of modern Natives' personal journey. These tales as told by the author have been passed down through generations of the Tlingit people for years. The story is filled histories, explanation, and tales which are distinct to the Tlingit people. The book is a documentation of the rich yet intricate cultural heritage. The author also offers a dedication to the Alaskan landscape, and a personal demonstration to how retreating in life and nature permits forward movement (Miller, et al. 2007) . With the opening statement, the author notifies the readers that she will narrate the tale in a manner that pays tribute to Tlingit oral tradition and ancestors. Hayes starts the narration in her native language. The original printed words of our ancestors " haa shagoon " further offering her native name Saankalaxt , before her "white man name." th e author moves to relive her ancestry, where she sets up both her precision in speak as a Tlingit native and her personal connection to the ancestral land. She recounts that they belong to Lingit Aani " It is a customary opening to what has become, sorrowfully, a customary tale: Native Alaskan communities destroyed by alcohol abuse and assimilations ideolo gies. Nonetheless, the writer presents hopeful story of going back to her ancestral roots that will forever embrace its natives (Ernestine, 2006) . Born of a white man and a Lingit woman, Hayes grew up in Juneau, Alaska, a native Indian village , before relocating to California. According to (Fuller-Thomson Minkler , 2005) N ative Indian communities as whole played an important role in raising a child. In Hayes ' case, she spent her childhood life being catered for by a grandmother while her mom is undergoing a tuberculosis treatment. The author, who began drinking alcohol during her teen life, narrates a life of filled with challenges such as prolonged periods of being homeless and abusive relations w i th men. The author also had an estranged relationship with her children. Through all these challenges, the thought of reconnecting with her native land gives her hope. Alaska is consistently portrayed not just as the only shaping factor of Hayes culture however as a component of the family, shows emancipation for Hayes. The author separates the memoir into four elements. She introduces each section by traditional tale, containing not only intricate details of her life but origin tales of family, Indian and clan histories. Hayes shifts from personal tales to Raven tales to her native land with minimal transition. She reminds her audience

Exploring Business Purpose Essays

Exploring Business Purpose Essays Exploring Business Purpose Essay Exploring Business Purpose Essay Why businesses set aims? Businesses set aims to make profit, provide goods and services. An aim also helps the business survive and expand. Maximise sales or improve quality and be environmentally friendly. All business has aims that they want to achieve and objectives that help them they have to do to achieve those aims. And aims are the overall goals and purposes that the business was set up to fulfil. Aim should always be appropriate to the business achieve and size of the business. Also aim is to provide a focus for the business also development and achievement of key areas of business. Why businesses set Objectives? Objectives: Objectives are steps which help to achieve an aim; they are broken down aims so that they can be easier to achieve them. They also should be monitored to be regularly checked if the achievement is successful. OBJECTIVES also are specific targets that must be achieved if the business is to fulfil its aims. Also objectives are to break down the aim so that they are easier to achieve and its step which to achieve aim. All objectives mast is monitored regularly to check achievement. Mission statement A Mission Statement sets out the business idea and values that enables employees, managers and customers and even suppliers to understand the basics for the actions of a business. The beast objectives are SMART SMART stands for: Specific There is a clear definition often including a number for example saving à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 a week. Measurable- This means achievement can be checked. Banking your saving mean your bank statement will record and measure your achievement. Achievable- This means you attain your target if you stretch yourself a litter- so saving à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 a week may be achievable without having to make too many sacrifices. Realistic-This means the target is sensible so that you stand achance of achieving it you could not save à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 a week if you did not have a job that paid at least that amount. Time-related- Every objective should have a time limit in which it should be accomplished. Therefore you can set a time limit to review your performance to see your objective progress. SMART objectives: SMART objectives are accessable and help business to plan and monitor its aim and objectives. For example if a business aim is to make profit and their objective is to make 12%profit they have to sell more products which is specific. They can compare the current years product sold record to previous and calculate that they are selling more each month that is measurable. Management giving the permission or create the plan is agreed. Time helps manager to monitor and plan and also to see where they are that time is constrained. SMART objectives also known as management tools it helps manager to prioritise work load. By breaking down the aims into smaller achievable goals help the business to plan and monitor these smaller goals and see progress toward achieved long term aims. Richer sounds Mission statement. The reason for having aims and objectives is to keep moving the business forward. At Richer Sounds they have a mission statement. This states our business aims in simple terms. Having a mission statement helps us to ensure that everyone in the organisation is working to achieve the same aims. RICHER SOUNDS MISSION STATEMENT 1. To provide second to none service and value for money for our customers. 2. To provide ourselves with secure well paid jobs working in a stimulating and equal opportunities environment. 3. To be profitable to ensure our long term growth and survival. The current goals and Objectives of Richer Sounds. 1. Consolidate the business and improve our profitability. 2. Develop the audiovisual home cinema range and increase the sales of plasma TVs and L C Ds. 3. Keep the business fun. We measure the success of this through our yearly Colleague Attitude Survey. 4. Keep the level of excellence of customer service above 90% for the company as a whole. Richer sounds measure the success of this through our customer till receipt questionnaires. 5. Control them costs through the cost control group to keep these to budget levels. How Richer Sound Achieve they Aims richer sounds didnt change the mission statement but often change the way they try to achieve they aims. They change product line so that richer sounds continue to ensure our customers receive value for money. Also richer sounds have a suggestion scheme. Every member of staff has a suggestion pad and every single suggestion is read by our Chairman Julian Richer. The idea is that everyone can contribute towards ideas for future improvement. Often the smallest ideas can be the most effective and richer sounds try to implement every plan which would provide a positive benefit. So they are trying to improve the way richer sound operate all the time to cope with changes in technology, new product developments, changing customer needs and economic changes. The OBJECTIVES of Richer Sounds one goal is always to keep the fun and to continue to reward people for working hard. We like to think of new ways of doing this, to keep all our colleagues motivated at work. Other issues will vary from one year to another, depending upon external influences, suggestions richer sounds have received and other developments. At the end of the year they check how far we achieved our goals. We look at which goals havent been achieved and why. We then set new goals for the next year. However, in between times we will also adjust, change or alter our goals the key point is that we are constantly moving forward. This is very important in they business. Technology develops new products come on to the market. There are new ways of doing business such as through our web site. New competitors may enter the market and some may Oxfam Mission Statement Oxfam is an international charity group of organizations working together with over 3,000 partnerships in more than 100 countries to find long term solutions to poverty, sufferings and injustice. With many cases of poverty in caused by nature, the members of the global Oxfam international believe they can achieve a greater impact through their joint efforts. Aims: Oxfams vision on the world is where there is no poverty and where everyone gets justice, and to help ensure that every individual is guaranteed of. A sustainable livelihood: this means that they can earn a reasonable living over many years to support themselves and their families. Education and health: this means that they access the basic service for example learning the basis education and health and safety. Life and security: this means that the poor should have a shelter and security when conflict and natural disasters strike. An equal right: this means that the poor should not be judged by their gender or ethnic identity. Long term goal for Oxfam and Richer Sounds The long time goal for Oxfam is to ensure the rights income security that is sustainable for their future. Oxfam want to see the part of people living in extreme poverty on less than $1a day halved, by 2015 in all countries of sub-Saharan Africa, South and East Asia, and America. Richer Sounds is a Public Limited Company, this means that they gain a profit. It is owned by Julian Richer who also is the chairman of Richer Sounds. The head office richer sound is in London, there are over 50 retailing shops in the UK and in Ireland. Richer Sounds are specialists retailers of audio equipment and separates- such as DVD players, CD players and amplifiers. Richer Sounds think it is very important that all our staff enjoy working here and are well rewarded for their achievements, they employ nearly 400 colleagues. Oxfam is a charity and all the money made excluding the wages of the staff are given to the charity organization for the poor. It is a non- government agency dedicated to fight poverty and related injustice around the world. Oxfam has 42 shops throughout Ireland selling goods donate by the public as well as 3 shop committed to sell Fair Trade crafts and food products. Oxfam have over 40 full time staff working in 2 head offices (Dublin and Belfast) and nearly 70 staff involved in running shops around the country. Oxfam also have a field office in Tanzania with a full time staff.

Theodore Roosevelt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Theodore Roosevelt - Essay Example At an early stage of his life, he had fought many wars (World War I & II), which he had received several recognitions and military honors/decorations (i.e. Distinguished Service Medal, Service Cross, etc.), particularly the Congressional Medal of Honor. As a good political leader, Roosevelt Jr. was assigned to several big responsibilities, particularly as Governor-General of the U.S. acquired territories such as Puerto Rico (1929-1932) and the Philippines (1932-1933). Being the Governor-General of the Philippines was a big challenge to his political career and leadership because the island was uncivilized; there were strong revolutionary insurgents, and the great depression. However, having a big heart or the passion to help the uncivilized or the little one, he managed to inflict good government, which was positively accepted by the Filipinos. Although he stayed in the country for a short period of time, he was viewed by many Filipinos as an extraordinary kind of Governor in terms of his attitudes and dealings compared to his predecessors. In fact, he â€Å"does not mind being bitten by jungle mosquitoes, who can fall into wild Carabao barrows and like it, who can drink Igorot wine and lick his chops, who can be really human with out losing his grin† (Collier and Horowitz 332). This positive and friendly attitude of Roosevelt Jr. had gained him the respect of the Filipino people and acceptance of the American governance in the island. Moreover, he was able to repair the Filipino-American friendship, which was lost when Gen. Leonard Wood and William Cameron Forbes declined to accept that the Philippines was ready to self-rule (Rebecca Ongsotto and Reena Ongsotto 176). The Philippines was fortunate to have Roosevelt Jr. because he â€Å"deeply sympathized with the cause of the poor and advocated the improvement of the welfare of the masses† through the inauguration of the first community assembly (Cabag 19). Through these community assemblies, social

Management Planning Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Planning - Research Paper Example Selected Organization The organization whose planning function we are going to evaluate is Halliburton. Halliburton is a provider of different products and services to the energy sector of different countries. Some of the main activities of this company include managing geological data, locating hydrocarbons, construction of the wells, drilling, and managing lifecycle of the reservoirs. Planning For the managers at Halliburton, planning holds great importance in all processes of management. At Halliburton, planning means to recognize organizational goals and to develop proper strategies to meet those goals. Planning not only includes setting goals for the future but also includes development of tactics and strategies to meet those goals. Managers at Halliburton firmly believe that they cannot achieve desired goals without planning. For proper planning, managers consider many factors, such as, availability of resources, assessment of organizational environment, future trends of the oil and gas industry, assessment of industrial demands, and proper use of capital. At Halliburton, there are many kinds of planning which managers do for the success of the organization. Some of those types of planning include marketing planning, construction planning, production planning, event planning, and project planning. Marketing planning means to develop suitable strategies for the marketing of the company’s products and services.... For construction planning, managers consider different aspects of a project to develop a plan for that project. Some of the major aspects, which managers consider, include site of the project, needs of the client firm, geological survey, and feasibility of the project. Production managers also do proper planning to enhance production services, such as, pipeline process services, well intervention services, and oil and gas production services. For project planning, managers consider nature of the project, availability of the resources required to complete the project, due date of the project, and effective use of human resource and technology to meet the targets. Tatum (2011) states, â€Å"Like any type of business planning, project planning is about gaining the most benefit while making the wisest use of available resources†. Influence of Legal Issues, Ethics, and CSR on Planning There are many factors, which put a deep impact on the planning function of an organization. In ca se of Halliburton, some of the main factors, which influence the planning function of Halliburton, include legal issues, ethics, and corporate social responsibility. Let us discuss the impact of each of these three factors on the planning function of management at Halliburton. Legal Issues Legal issues are those issues, which revolve around a business’s policies, planning, and structure. â€Å"Business managers and owners must at all times be prepared to spend some time around legal issues that may arise† (Beck, 2011). Analyzing legal issues related to different business processes and policies is very critical for a company’s success. Managers at Halliburton focus towards all sorts of legal issues while doing any kind of business planning in order to ensure effective planning

The Relationship Between Individuals and Government Research Paper

The Relationship Between Individuals and Government - Research Paper Example The primary question when understanding social contracts is to determine how society governs itself. Locke attributes this to the notion of natural law and says that social norms turn artificial in the midst of a contract. He believes that individuals are guided mainly by natural reasoning and must adhere to certain limitations under the law. However, people are often misguided by their own selfish interests and may break this protocol. Thus, Locke reasons that people require a social contract that is governed by natural law. Social contract and harmony are enforced through a set of public institutions, which enforce law and order according to predefined doctrines besides taking corrective actions in case of aberrations on the part of people or institutions (Morris, 2009). On the other hand, Rousseau adopts a more philosophical approach by including political factors into the social phenomenon. Using concepts like the sovereign state and the rights of people, Rousseau explains that a social contract allows people to place their power and trust with the common will of the state and motivates them to contribute to the latter’s progress as an indivisible component. Thus, the precondition for a social contract is a collective entity that caters to the human, societal and political ambitions of the state (Winfield, 2008). The elements constituting this collective body are the individuals themselves, who exist and thrive under a set of laws proclaimed by the ‘collective’ state.

Urea Recycling in Ruminants

Urea Recycling in Ruminants Animals have a certain state of protein metabolism, varying from negative to positive protein balances. This balance level is influenced e.g. by the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization in animals. A simple strategy to increase the efficiency of N utilization is by reducing the N content in the feed converted to urea, for which a correlation of about r2=0.77 was found. However, this was mainly based on studies with mature or slow growing, small ruminants in which most of the absorbed N is converted to urea to maintain the N balance of the whole body close to zero (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). More recent and extensive data show much weaker correlations between N intake and urea production for growing sheep (r2=0.33) and cattle (r2=0.58). Moreover, this strategy is not always realizable due to minimal absolute N requirements in animal feed, especially for growing animals. In addition to N intake, the protein balance level is influenced by the efficiency of N recycling in animals, especially in ruminants. Nitrogen recycling takes place between blood and the digestive tract in the form of endogenous protein-N, secreted-N (e.g. enzymes in saliva) and urea-N (Reynolds and Kristensen, 2008). In this chapter, the recycling of urea-N is explained. Amino acids and ammonia, which are absorbed from the digestive tract, are converted to urea in the liver. Urea (re)enters the digestive tract, mainly through the rumen wall, where it can be absorbed again or be (re)used for microbial protein synthesis and finally anabolic purposes. Amino acids and ammonia are absorbed into the portal bloodstream and converted into urea in the liver (ureagenesis). Urea can reenter the rumen, where it can be absorbed (again) or be used for microbial protein synthesis. Absorption of amino acids and ammonia Urea is the mammalian end-product of the amino acid metabolism. In the rumen, proteins are degraded into amino acids and finally into ammonia (NH3) by means of rumen fermentation (Shingu et al., 2007). Then, absorption of both amino acids and NH3 through the rumen wall and entrance into the portal circulation to the liver can take place (figure 3.1). The NH3 absorption depends on the pH and the ratio of NH3 to NH4 in the rumen (Siddons et al., 1985). Ureagenesis In the liver, detoxification of NH3 takes place, because urea is synthesized from the nitrogen (N) compound of both NH3 and amino acids (which appear in the portal circulation due to absorption from the intestine into the blood) (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). The synthesis of urea, called ureagenesis, takes place by means of the urea or ornithine cycle. This cycle of biochemical reactions occurs in many animals that produce urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3), mainly in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidney. The key compound is ornithine, which acts as a carrier on which the urea molecule is built up. At the end of the reaction sequence, urea is released by the hydrolysis of arginine, yielding ornithine to start the cycle again (Bender, 2008). Mitochondrial ammonia and cytosolic aspartate are precursors for the ornithine cycle (Van den Borne et al., 2006). The presence of arginine is needed to produce ornithine in the body, so higher levels of this amino acid should increase o rnithine production. Furthermore, ornithine, citrulline and arginine (all components of the ornithine cycle) seem to stimulate urea synthesis, with a concurrent decrease in plasma ammonia. Temporarily high ammonia fluxes seem to stimulate amino acid utilization for ureagenesis (Milano and Lobley, 2001). Urea is produced in the liver in greater amounts than which is eliminated in the urine. This is because urea from the liver is released to the blood circulation and then, next to excretion in the urine also is reabsorbed in the distal renal tubules, where it maintains an osmotic gradient for the reabsorption of water (Bender, 2008). Furthermore, urea from the blood can re-enter the digestive tract via saliva, secretions or directly across the rumen wall in the form of endogenous proteins or urea respectively (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001; Shingu et al., 2007; Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). Thus not all urea is secreted directly into the urine after entering the bloodstream. Entry into digestive tract Entry of urea into the digestive tract is, until certain concentrations (sheep: 6 mM (= 84 mg/L); cattle: 4 mM (= 56 mg/L) (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980; cattle: 80 mg/L (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978)) partly affected by plasma urea concentrations (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980). Above these concentrations, boundary layer effects with NH3 inhibit the urea entry into the digestive tract (Lapierre and Lobey, 2001). Urease activity is lower with increased NH3 concentrations and N intake (Marini et al., 2004). This inhibits the entry of urea into the digestive tract (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978). Thus high ammonia concentrations in the rumen result in a lower gut entry rate (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978; Bunting et al., 1989a). Urea, which flows from the blood into the rumen and enters the digestive tract, is hydrolyzed by bacterial urease to carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) (figure 3.1). NH3 can be either reabsorbed into the blood or be used as N source for microbial protein synthesis or microbial growth (Sarraseca et al., 1998; Shingu et al., 2007). This latter process may provide a mechanism for the salvage of urea-N into bacterial protein which can be digested and yields amino acids to the animal when they are absorbed in the lower parts of the digestive tract. Thus, urea nitrogen incorporated in microbial protein and possibly absorbed in the gut gets a second chance for absorption and deposition/anabolic purposes. Therefore, urea recycling can be regarded as a mechanism with positive effects at the protein balance of ruminants. Gut entry location and gut entry rate (GER) The gut entry rate (GER) of urea is simply the amount of urea N recycled into the digestive tract. The amount of urea which entered the digestive tract that can be used for anabolic purposes depends e.g. on the gut entry location (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Urea appears to enter all parts of the digestive tract, including via saliva and pancreatic juice, but with different rates. The GER could be influenced by the concentration gradient of urea between the plasma and the fluids in the digestive tract (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980). The concentration gradient is again dependent on the activity of ureolytic bacteria and could therefore be influenced by diverse bacteria-influencing compounds in the feed. Also, the presence of carrier mediated, facilitative urea transport mechanisms have been reported in the ovine colon and rumen epithelia (Ritzhaupt et al., 1997). The carrier mediated, facilitative urea transporters in the ovine colon and rumen epithelia permit bi-directional flows (Ritz haupt et al., 1997), and thus may the total gut entry rate (GER) be underestimated if urea molecules are reabsorbed without being metabolized (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Post-stomach tissues can greatly influence the (GER) (up to 70%), but their contribution to potential anabolic salvage of N is not certain. The majority of conversions of urea into anabolic compounds occur in the fore-stomach, mainly the rumen (Kennedy and Milligan, 1980). As summarized by Lapierre and Lobley (2001), in sheep, the part of the total gut urea entry (GER) transferred to the rumen varies from 27 to 60% (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978) and 27 to 54% (Siddons et al., 1985) depending on type of diet. This proportion seems to increase when animals get high levels of rumen-degradable energy in feed (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001; Theuer et al., 2002). Also saliva contributes to the total urea entry into the rumen, depending on the type of diet ingested. E.g. this proportion varies extensively from 15 (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978) to almost 100% (Norton et al., 1978) in sheep. It has been found in growing beef steers that forage diets, e.g. alfalfa hay, result in higher proportions of saliva entering the gut (36% of GER) (Taniguchi et al., 1995) compared to high concentrate diets (17% of GER) (Guerino et al., 1991). Thus the fore-stomachs are important for the anabolic salvage of N, however, this depends on the type of feed ingested (and animal species). Small intestine Also the small intestine contributes to the anabolic salvage of N. It has been found in sheep that 37 and 48% of the total GER of urea entered the small intestine in case of grass silage and dried grass, respectively (Siddons et al., 1985). However, the quantities of anabolic N formed may by small, e.g. because ammonia production seems to exceed urea entry across the small intestine, although this depends on the type of feed ingested (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Hindgut Likely most microbial protein synthesized from urea that enters the hindgut is excreted. All the evidence so far would suggest that hindgut usage of urea involves only catabolic fates, at least in terms of amino acids supply to the animal (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Fate of urea that enters the digestive tract Urea that enters the gut by means of saliva or flowing through the gut wall can be used for anabolic purposes or is transformed into ammonia and returned to the liver (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Much of the NH3 in the GI tract is reabsorbed and used in the liver for the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine, and then a variety of other nitrogenous compounds (Bender, 2008). Urea-N that entered the gut contributed for 33% of the rumen ammonia flux in sheep offered dried grass, while this percentage was lower in case of grass silage (Siddons et al., 1985). Lapierre and Lobley (2001), based on several references, summarized that sheep, dairy cows and growing steers have a efficient reuse of N because urea-N atoms can return to the gut on more than one occasion. This increases the overall probability of appropriation towards an anabolic fate. This multiple-recycling process can result in improvements of 22 to 49% of GER used for anabolic purposes in both cattle and sheep (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). A substantial proportion of urea that enters the digestive tract is returned to the body as ammonia in both sheep (32 to 52%; Sarreseca et al., 1998) and cattle (26 to 41%; Archibeque et al., 2001). This means that a large proportion of net ammonia absorption across the PDV is due to recycled N, rather than arising directly from ingested N. These anabolic and ca tabolic fates of urea then explain why net appearances of amino acid-N and ammonia across the PDV can equal or exceed apparent digestible-N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The net result of all these N transactions is that the apparent conversion of digestible N into net absorbed amino acid N can be high, with individual values of 27 to 279% calculated for both cattle and sheep. These efficiencies are lower (24 to 58%) when other inputs are considered, mainly the urea-N inflow into the rumen. Apparent digestible N represents the net available N to the animal and thus the amino acid absorption cannot normally exceed this unless other N sources like amino acids obtained due to catabolism (released on a net basis during submaintenance intake) or urea recycling. N recycling via the digestive tract increases the opportunity for catabolism N to be reconverted to an anabolic product. This recycling can be considered analogous to the synthesis and breakdown of proteins within tissues, where th e dynamic flow maintains metabolic fluidity with minimum loss (see figure †¦; Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). SUMMARIZED UREA RECYCLING KINETICS Thus, urea-N kinetics can, as an approximation, be considered as a mechanism, where hepatic synthesis is similar to digested N, with one-third lost via the kidneys into urine, while the remaining two-thirds is returned to the digestive tract. Half of this is then reconverted to anabolic N (mainly amino acids) that can be reabsorbed and used for productive purposes. Most of the remaining half of GER is reabsorbed as ammonia that is reconverted to urea and can be further re-partitioned between urinary loss and GER (see figure†¦). The process thus allows conversion of a catabolic products (urea-N) into anabolic forms, contains these for longer within the body, and provides the animal with increased opportunities to utilize products derived from dietary N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Figure†¦ Urea recycling: values in circles represent the fraction of hepatic ureagenesis destined either for urinary output or to gut entry rate (GER); values in rectangles represent the fractions of gut entry rate lost in feces, returned as ammonia to the hepatic ornithine cycle or converted to anabolic products (mainly amino acid N). Thus, on average, 33% of hepatic urea-N flux is eliminated in urine while 67% enters the various sites of the digestive tract. Of this latter N, 10% is lost in feces, 40% is reabsorbed directly as ammonia, while the remaining 50% is reabsorbed as anabolic-N sources (mainly AAs). Data are simplified means for steers, dairy cows and sheep (from Archibeque et al., 2001; Sarraseca et al., 1998; summarized by Lapierre and Lobley, 2001) Efficiency of N utilization In both cattle and sheep, the inefficient use of intake-N is associated with large ammonia absorption representing on average 0.46 and 0.47 of N available from the lumen of the gut (digestible N plus urea-N entry across the PDV) (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). As mentioned earlier, one strategy is to reduce the amount of N directed towards ammonia absorption and hepatic ureagenesis, but the situation is more complex than that. The target of reduction of ammonia absorption has to be integrated in a wider context where this decrease would result 1) from a smaller degradation of dietary N into the rumen or 2) from an increased utilization of rumen ammonia for microbial protein synthesis. Lowered N degradation can result from diet manipulation. Lapierre and Lobley (2001) summarized from several studies that cattle fed concentrate-based diets had decreased ammonia absorption, both in absolute amounts and relative to digested N, compared with forage rations. Increased utilization of N for bac terial synthesis can also be influenced by dietary manipulation, particularly provision of additional energy. From several studies, it can be concluded that supplements of rumen fermentable energy sources increase the transfer of urea into the rumen, and therefore the capture of dietary N and GER into anabolic products, mainly amino acids. However, there appear to be upper limits to the overall efficiency of the process (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The limited data available suggest that a maximum of 50 to 60% of dietary N, or 70 to 90% of apparently digested N, will be converted into amino acids released into the portal vein. Energy sources may also improve utilization of dietary and urea-N by less direct means, e.g. by energy-sparing effects within the cells of the gut tissues rather than alteration of rumen fermentation (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Intrarumen recycling Recycling of N can also occur within the rumen, due to the presence of proteolytic bacterial and protozoa. These graze and digest the rumen bacteria, increasing ammonia content and release within the rumen, and reducing microbial N outflow within the rumen because of increased recycling of bacteria (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Thus changes in the microbial population of the rumen can have substantial effect on anabolic N flow. Such modifications of the rumen microflora may contribute to the differences in N recycling and conversion to amino acids that occur between diets and animal species (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Amino acid supply In many circumstances, inefficiencies for conversion of feed N to animal protein may not be a feature of total amino acid supply, but rather depend more on the profile of absorbed amino acids. Hereby you can think of e.g. limiting essential amino acids. In short the definition of urea recycling is: the flow of urea from the blood into the digestive tract so that urea nitrogen salvage could happen. Figure †¦ Use of [15N15N] urea and isotopomer analysis of urinary [15N15N], [14N15N] and [14N14N] urea to quantify flows and fates of urea that enters the digestive tract. Part of the infused [15N15N]urea enters the digestive tract were it can be excreted in the faeces or is hydrolyzed to [15N]ammonia. This latter is either used by the microbial population to synthesize bacterial proteins ([15N]) or it is absorbed directly as [15N]ammonia. [15N]ammonia is removed by the liver were [15N14N]urea is formed. The ratio of [14N15N]:[14N14N]urea in the urine reflects the proportion of urea flux that is converted to ammonia in the digestive tract and returned directly to the hepatic ornithine cycle (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The utilities of urea recycling Both ruminants and non-ruminants, including omnivores, have a mechanism in which urea produced by the liver can enter the intestinal tract and where it is used for microbial protein production or urea production. However, the amount of urea recycled in ruminants is in much larger proportions compared to non-ruminants, which emphasizes the importance of urea recycling in ruminants (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Next to reducing feed costs (due to the lower dietary N contents required), there are three important reasons to obtain a good and efficient urea recycling in ruminants (Huntington and Archibeque, 1999): Maximization of the microbial functioning in the rumen; Optimization of the amino acid supply to the host ruminant improvements of adaptation; Minimization of the negative effects of nitrogen excretion into the environment. Maximization of microbial functioning In ruminants, synthesis of urea by the liver can exceed apparent digestible N. This would result in a negative N balance (even at high intakes) if no salvage mechanism existed to recover some of this N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Recycling of urea synthesized in the liver can provide a substantial contribution to available N for the gut. Lapierre and Lobley (2001) summarized that this can increase the digestible N inflow from 43 to 85% in growing steers, 50 to 60% in dairy cows and 86 to 130% in growing sheep. Moreover, in veal calves shifts the major origin of absorbable amino acids in the small intestine after weaning from milk protein to microbial protein (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). With this, it is important to realize that a higher level of urea recycling results in a higher production of microbial protein. This protein source will be largely used for anabolic uses and performance which will result, on the long term, in improved production efficiency (Lapierre and Lobley, 200 1). What urea-N recycling does is to increase N transfers through the body to convert more of the N into anabolic form and thus acts as a conservation mechanism. Therefore, the combined inflows of dietary N and urea GER can be considered analogous to protein turnover within the body, where the anabolic and catabolic processes of synthesis and degradation greatly exceed inputs (intake) and outputs (oxidation and gain). This is believed to provide an overall plasticity to allow rapid response to any challenges or changes in metabolic status. Optimization of amino acid supply adaptation As a consequence of the salvage mechanism to recover some N, nitrogen and urea recycling in ruminants are important regarding the adaptation to different environmental (living) circumstances but mainly to nutritional conditions. Examples are periods of dietary protein deficiency or an asynchronous supply of carbohydrates and proteins (Reynolds and Kristensen, 2008). Ammonia and microbial protein produced in the gut and urea synthesized in the liver are major components in N-recycling transactions (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). An increase in the total urea flux, caused by the return to the ornithine cycle from the gut entry, is considered to serve as a labile N pool in the whole body to permit metabolic plasticity under a variety of physiological (productive), environmental and nutritional conditions (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009; Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Therefore, ruminant species have different characteristics of their urea recycling due to different living conditions varying from tropical conditions with poor quality feed to intensive systems in temperate/cold conditions with high quality feed. High ambient temperatures seem to increase urea production but reduce urea gut entry (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). Minimization of N excretion into the environment Finally, a more efficient urea recycling in ruminants results in a less urea-N excretion in the urine. This is will minimize the negative effects of nitrogen excretion into the environment (Huntington and Archibeque, 1999).

Comparing Poems First Love, Amen and Porphyrias Lover :: English Literature

Comparing Poems First Love, Amen and Porphyrias Lover First love is a poem describing when a man falls in love for the first time. This poem is very well worded, with similes and adjectives. It describes how love takes over everything; your mind, your body, your soul. It hits you like a bullet, and stops you dead. â€Å"I ne’er was stuck before that hour with love so sudden and so sweet.† The poet describes at the beginning how he first noticed the woman’s beauty, and how at each second he gazed at her, the more mesmerising she became. â€Å"Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower and stole my heart away complete.† In a way, I think that the poet is trying to convince us that love is capable at first sight. He uses clever words and phrasing to make sure we are convinced. Still in the first stanza, he describes how the sighed of this woman froze him in his tracks. His muscles tensed, and his face lost colour. â€Å"My face turned pale as deadly pale, my legs refused to walk away.† Love drew him to a stop. In a way, that’s what I think the poet is trying to do. He’s trying to draw a picture of the uncomfortable feelings etc. I also think he’s done a good job. In the second stanza, it explains what happened after he looked away. He described it as he could not see anything, as the love had covered his eyes. He also explains how the blood suddenly rushes back into his face. â€Å"And then my blood rushed to my face and I took my sight away. The trees and bushed round the place seemed midnight at noonday.† In the second half of the second stanza, he talks of the joy he experienced from this sudden rush of love. He makes it that his heart began to sing. â€Å"I could not see a single thing, words from my heart did start; they spoke as chords do from the string and blood burnt around my heart.† In the last stanza, he talks about how he left his heart with her on that last day, and it never returned. â€Å"Amen† can be compared to â€Å"First Love† as more confusing and not as romantic. It is written in a different style, with different wording. Each verse starts with a question: â€Å"It is over. What is over?† â€Å"It is finished. What is finished?† â€Å"It suffices. What suffices?† It is hard to say whether this poem is about love itself, or her love for something, or even a love that she’s lost. Reading the first stanza three times made me realise the poem is about

Ls module

By definition, security refers to ease and trust. C] People you can rely on & know what is expected in the future (or vice versa) 0 Have a better feeling of comfort and safety (or vice versa) e. G. More engagement In social / group activities 0 More trustworthy Friends; Family Relationship Secondly, another esteem builder Is Selfless. By definition, selfless means self-concept. D Acquire self-knowledge & a feeling of Individuality with accurate and realistic self-description C] e. G. Assistance to build up a better self- Image, Like exercise to build up a sharper boy shape; Explore uniqueness & talentsThirdly, another esteem builder is Affiliation. Affiliation refers to belonging & connectedness. D Feeling approved of, appreciated, and respected by others C] Sense of belongingness and acceptance, particularly in relationships that are considered important L e. G. Communication skills for making friendships 0 Sense of acceptance; Assistance to integrate into community Fourthly, anothe r esteem builder is Competence. Competence refers to Feeling of Success. C] Being aware of one's own strengths, being able to accept personal weakness 0 Have a sense of success and accomplishment D e. G.Assistance to find a suitable Job; Give positive comments & achievements; engagement In social & charitable activities Fifthly, last esteem builder is Mission. Mission refers to Purpose and Responsibility. D Set realistic and achievable goals and willing to take responsibility 0 Feeling of purpose and motivation in life 0 e. G. Assistance to set up achievable short term and long term goals 2. Measles Hierarchy of Needs proposed by Ram Moscow (Related to Module 5 Public Health) Hierarchy means arrangement of Items, so dissatisfaction of lower level hinders satisfaction of higher levels.So dissatisfaction of lower level needs hinders recognition & satisfaction of higher level needs. The farther up the hierarchy one goes, the more individuality, humanness and psychological health one ac hieve. Level E. G. Food, drink, oxygen, sex, sleep, exercise, homeostasis(stable internal environment), excretion Level two is the safety and security needs. It refers to needs for long-term survival and stability. E. G. Property, health, family, resources, employment, law and order, predictability, body, structure, stability, freedom from threatening forces such as illness, fear and chaosLevel three is the belongingness and love needs. It refers to affiliation and acceptance. E. G. Friendship, family, sexual intimacy, affectionate relations with others. Level Four is the Self-esteem needs. It refers to achievement and recognition. E. G. Desire for competence, confidence, achievement, independence, freedom, and respect from others, like desire for prestige, recognition, reputation, status, appreciation and acceptance. Level Five is the self-actualization. It refers to full development of one's potentials.E. G. Morality, creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts , problems- loving Elaboration: (More like the effects or impact of something) Issue 0 Physiological needs, the lowest level not satisfied 0 Principle of Hierarchy: Dissatisfaction of low level hinder satisfaction of higher level 0 Cannot reach higher level of needs, namely the 4 higher levels 0 Mention the highest level 0 Less individuality, humanness and psychological health [Commonly seen in Less Developed Countries, like Africa.

Difference Between Wordpad and Notepad Essay

What is the difference between Notepad and WordPad? Answer: Both programs are text editors that are included with the Windows operating system. Notepad is the most basic text editor, which allows you to open and create text files. While you can create several paragraphs of text with Notepad, using line breaks (by pressing the Enter key), the program does not give you text formatting options. For example, you cannot change the font size or make the text bold. WordPad is similar to Notepad, but gives you more formatting options. You can use bold and italics formatting, and change the font, size, and color of the text. You can also create bulleted lists and center and justify paragraphs. WordPad allows you to save documents as either basic text (. TXT) files or rich text format (. RTF) files. Saving a document in the rich text format will keep all the formatting you have done to the text, while saving it as a basic text file will remove all text formatting from the document. Notepad is a good choice for creating webpages It is also useful for removing formatting from text that you have copied and want to paste somewhere else as plain text. Just paste the text into Notepad, copy it again from Notepad, and you have completely unformatted text. WordPad is a good choice for writing papers or creating documents that you want to print. It is also great for making lists, since it supports bullets. You can use WordPad to open an unformatted text document and add whatever formatting you want. If you want even more formatting options and a more user-friendly interface, you can use a program such as Microsoft Word.

The Story of The Architecture Student in Denmark [Interview]

The Story of The Architecture Student in Denmark [Interview] September is the Study Month, not only in colleges, but on our blog too. Thats why we will dedicate our posts to the topics of studying, namely the issue of studying abroad. We have already published the interview with Judy Su a graphic design student who studied in Copenhagen. Today, we have the interview with another student - Ellen Wall - who has also made use of study abroad program and went to Denmark to study architecture. Before the interview, Ellen confessed that she loves to tell about her time in Denmark. Thats why she told us a lot of details about people, food, education, surprises and disappointments. As Ellen was also in a DIS ( Danish Institute for Study Abroad ) program we did not ask her questions about application process, and went straight to the questions about studying. What specific classes did you take? There were 4 classes: Interior Architecture Studio, European Storytelling, Danish Language and Culture, and 20th 21st Century Danish Architecture Please, tell more about your Danish language learning. Was it complicated for you? I am so glad I decided to take a Danish class while I was in Denmark. Even though the majority of Danes speak flawless English, being able to understand even a little bit made me feel so much more a part of the culture. I could read signs, I knew what I was looking at in the grocery store, I often caught and understood snippets of conversation at the dinner table. The Danes are just so proud of their country and their culture the language is a big part of that. It ended up being my favorite class at DIS. I learned so much about the Danes just by learning how to interact with them. What interesting assignments or projects on architecture did you get? I have seen many, many non-touristy places and buildings because of the field studies and projects I had with my classes. In my studio, we got the assignment to design a space in a very old building near to the parliament building, Christiansborg. We did small group critiques to talk about our conceptual and initial structural ideas. How was your project work organized? Was there anything specific about studying environment? Something that would apply to future study abroad students is that the Danish school system relies heavily on the benefits of group work. Most projects are done in groups and there is a lot of large or small group discussion and peer critique. I found this to be a great way to learn. There was definitely more of a collaborative feel to all of the classes and I benefited from the sharing of ideas with others. The other side of that is that not everybody learns this way, some individuals might be more successful on their own. Did you get complicated writing assignments? Tell about some of them. At DIS I studied in the Interior Architecture program. That being said, I didnt have too many difficult writing assignments. I did take a class called European Storytelling where I was asked to write a research paper. The prompt was very vague; we were able to write about anything at all that we had discussed in class. It was extremely open ended which I found to be a big challenge. I was also an Official Student Blogger for DIS. This was an ongoing volunteer project that I did for my Danish school. My blog entries were posted on the DIS webpage and I received a lot of traffic from prospective students and other people all over the world. Blogging for DIS is where I discovered my love for writing. Have you ever missed assignment deadlines while studying abroad? What is the college policy regarding missed deadlines there? I did not miss any assignments while abroad that I can recall. The missed assignments policy was left up to the instructors for the courses. Some of my instructors would accept late assignments and others did not. What did you like about Danish educational system in general? In general, what I like about the Danish school system is that school is free for everyone through the university level (and university students receive a monthly stipend from the government). Another positive is that the learning environment is an equal playing field. The instructors are all called by their first names and questions are encouraged. It feels less strict or structured than many of the classroom environments I have been a part of the the States. How would you describe your studying experience in several words? I had a unique experience because my school, DIS is a school specific to study abroad students, but most of the classes are taught by Danish instructors. In addition, I also learned a lot about the Danish school system because I took a Danish language and culture class and I lived with a family who had kids in the school system. How did you manage to balance studying and traveling? The benefit of DIS is that there are specifically designated travel weeks. A semester student at DIS has two separate weeks off from school for personal travel/or break from school in addition to two study tours with the core course class, one lasting a week and one lasting a half a week. This made balancing travel and study much simpler because I found that I had enough time for traveling outside of school. There were many students who liked to go on weekend trips. I didnt really do that. I was much happier spending my weekends at home with my host family and seeing what it is that Denmark has to offer rather than constantly leaving to see all of Europe. I didnt want to leave Denmark only to realize I hadnt seen any of it. I did, in general, have a difficult time balancing school work and everything else that goes with study abroad. I had to decide on my priorities while I was there. For me, the struggle was balancing time with my host family and time spent on school. So, you stayed with a host family. What was it like for an American student to live with Danish family? I was so nervous to meet them. I wondered if they would like me and what it would be like to live in the home of strangers. But I remember that upon meeting them and even in the very moments before I met them, walking down a hallway and seeing them at the end, waiting for me with big smiles, that I relaxed almost instantly. They were unfailingly kind and generous, curious and interested, fun and happy people. I was welcomed into their home and things fell into place quickly. I found it so much easier to learn about Danes and their culture and especially their language than I would had I not lived with a host family. My ten year old host brother and I became the best of buds. I learned so much from him and not a day does by that I dont think of him. Many of my favorite memories were things that happened with my host family and I genuinely cant imagine my study abroad experience without each and every one of them. How would you describe Danish people in general? Danes are very private people. At least in public settings. They dont small talk, they dont smile at passersby on the street, they have whisper-quiet conversations on public transportation (if they even converse at all). Theres no fear of anybody you dont know trying to make unwanted conversation in a public place. How did you feel about such cultural difference? Of course that goes two ways. It makes Danes very difficult to meet; they stick by the people they know. Its unlikely that one might make Danish friends by approaching them in a grocery store, at the bank, or on the train. To many Americans, this demeanor passes for rude because we are so used to an extreme, exaggerated politeness. This isnt to say that Danes dont care, in fact you might say they care more. If someone asks a Dane how are you they give the real answer and dont just say good. Was it a problem for you to meet new people in Copenhagen? The first time someone accidentally bumps into you and doesnt really apologize is off-putting. The first time you sit on a bus and someone is forced to sit next to you because its the only seat left and suddenly moves when an empty pair of seats opens up elsewhere is a little awkward. But the Danes make up for this by being genuinely warm, kind-hearted, curious people when you get to know them. I found that in more private settings, Danes are extremely curious. The dislike of small talk just meant that the Danes I spoke with typically skipped the polite get-to-know-you questions and jumped right into pressing questions about American politics or media or culture. It made for more meaningful conversation. What was your biggest disappointment during semester abroad? My biggest disappointment was only that I couldnt stay longer. I had such a wonderful time, I was very sad to leave. Of course there were day-to-day disappointments. Not everything is a wonderful, fantastic, awesome, cool, Danish, traveling moment. Sometimes I was sick, or sometimes I wasnt able to see or take part in something I was hoping to, or sometimes I missed dinner with my host family (often the best part of my day). But those disappointments are so on par with daily life that Ive mostly forgotten them by now. All I regret is the time I didnt spend with my Danish family, the things in Denmark that I never got to see, and the experiences I wasnt able to have because of a lack of time or because it was the wrong time of the year. Name your top Copenhagen memories. Showing off Denmark to my family. My family my mom, dad, and older sister came to visit me in Denmark towards the end of my semester. As I dragged them around Copenhagen to see all the important sights and buildings and museums, I realized how much I had learned about Denmark and about Danes in just a few months. I learned my way around a new city that was absolutely foreign to me, I learned parts of a new language, I learned history and music. I mastered the transportation system. It was so exciting to share with my family the country that I had fallen in love with both instantly upon arrival and gradually more and more each passing day. Another one is being mistaken for a Dane! The Danes are an exclusive bunch of people. They are very proud to be Danish. They are also model-beautiful. So the first time I was mistaken for a Dane was kind of a rush. It happened several times over the course of my semester. Sometimes it was another Dane asking a question about the train. Sometimes it was a lost tourist asking for directions. But every time, and especially the first time, it was like an acknowledgment that I was fitting in, that I was doing okay, that I wasnt out of place or unwanted. At least, thats what if felt like to me. Which Danish food would you recommend to try? The pastries are divine. What is interesting about the whole pastry situation is that you cant get a Danish. What Americans refer to as a Danish does not exist in Denmark. But pastries, or weinerbrà ¸d in Danish, are a work of culinary art. They are visually appealing and delicious. Laukagehuset (a popular Danish pastry chain) (pronounced lau-kay-hoo-set) is around every corner and tempts the taste buds everywhere you go. The best life lesson learnt in Copenhagen I learned a lot while I studied abroad, but the majority of it was not factual or school-related. It was a period of time in which I did a lot of personal, individual learning about myself and what is important to me. The biggest life lesson I learned is that I should never force myself to do things that dont make me happy. I dont want to say that I learned life is short, but rather that I learned and realized how valuable my time is. Being in Denmark helped me to understand what makes me happy as a human being. It slowly dawned on me that I never wanted to spend one second doing something that I hate because I dont want to regret it when Im 90. In the grand scheme of things, this is not plausible. Of course Ill have to do things that I dont like every once in a while. But while I was in Denmark I was working on discovering what it is that I truly love and now I try to spend more of my time doing those things. What helps students succeed when studying abroad? Please, share some tips To succeed when studying abroad, get involved! Try to integrate into the culture as much as possible. Live with a host family, learn the language, join a club, meet young natives, take classes with an emphasis on the history or culture of the country, participate in cultural traditions with friends or host family members, listen to the countrys music. Really, really try to experience everything the country has to offer. Do things the way the native people do things, even if you feel like your way might be better or faster. Try everything. Learn about everything. Keep an open mind, you never know what you might like. Thanks Ellen! We are sure these great tips will help anyone to get the most of their study abroad experience! If you would like to learn more about Ellen Wall and her Denmark life, you are welcome to ask questions as well as sharing your thoughts in the comments below.

British Airways Cuts Expenditures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

British Airways Cuts Expenditures - Essay Example This contest will be open to all; however, the entries should be coupled with at least a round-trip ticket for the last 3 months and for the succeeding months. Particularly, it should be a story telling about taking off to new heights in life-may it be a flying story of a person who decided to leave his family to study or work abroad or simply conquering the fear of heights. 1. The target audience is mainly the loyal customers of British Airways. This is comprised of the people who have become a priced possession for the company. Thus, it is very important to protect them from the negative impact of bad publications, which means that they should always have a good impression towards the company. 3. The promotional budget is just small for this promotion as there is not much equipment necessary for the production. Collection of the entries can just be placed in British Airways ticketing offices. 4. "Your message strategy consists of a positioning statement and three support points. They address key target market problems by stating a benefit; i.e. why the target market should care about your product, service or company. A message strategy can be extremely detailed and is like a recipe for all marketing communication" (Lawson Abinanti).

Cooperative Marketing of Global gadgets imports Research Paper

Cooperative Marketing of Global gadgets imports - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the definition of cooperative marketing as an advertising and promotional program whereby manufacturers or a distributor supports the marketing efforts of both businesses. It can also be used by multiple businesses looking to pool their resources to avoid being overburdened with costs for advertising and promotion. In addition, it is collaborative effort of two or more companies that come and work together in advertising and promotional efforts in order to reach a common goal. Cooperative marketing is ideal for Global gadgets imports. There are great values that come along with cooperative marketing. One of the great values that come along cooperative advertisement is that the cost of advertising will be greatly reduced. This happens when the partnering businesses come together and contribute towards the advertising and promotion of the product. This only happens when the businesses have the same interest. The cost will be cheaper in the end and in the s hort run for both businesses and the individual offices. The other great value that the businesses will derive is the benefit from a larger discount commonly known as trade discount. Another value of cooperative advertising is that the businesses will benefit from the risks involved. This will happen when businesses pool the risks and share them. This can happen when the distributing company tries to explain to its retailors the cause of a particular hitch resulting from the manufacturer. (West, 2008). There are a number of challenges that global gadgets imports needs to address when approaching a cooperative marketing situation. Cooperative marketing has guidelines that both companies must have similar targets. They should therefore, have same ideas, promotions, and cash in order to partner. The marketing intention should serve both companies accurately and effectively, since both brands wants to be conducting this effort. The element of trust is very essential in cooperative marke ting and has to be taken into consideration. Therefore, information sharing must be respected. Global gadgets imports should engage in cooperative marketing in various ways. One of these methods is through distribution. A retailor company can engage in cooperative marketing when the business being carried out involves the distribution to other retailors or distributors. In this way, Global gadgets imports will be involved and will gain greater geographical outreach to the various customers in the world. It will also help in creating awareness of these products in the market. The other way that Global gadgets imports can engage in cooperative marketing is through imaging. This helps to create awareness through consumer learning, overall product information, or focus on the product industry. This method also helps in establishing a positive outline of the goods of both companies in the minds of consumers and other related companies. This also helps to eliminate the negative media, joi ntly promotes the businesses products and may give lessons on the sternness of several problems that may be caused by occurrence impurity or product glitches (William, 2007). Differently, Global gadgets imports can engage in cooperative marketing through packaging. This is done through product packaging of the individual business products for product consistency. This helps in giving out a cohesive look and increase market influence. The packaging strategy can be done by implementing a standard base packaging for the partnership businesses products. Such kind of packaging should help eliminate transportation damage that occurs and establish a freshness look of the products. However, the packaging should be different from the parents company to help eliminate risks such as product substitution. In addition, Global Gadgets Imports should create a marketing team that tries to understand how their target market lives and understand their lifestyle. In carrying out this strategy, Global Gadgets Imports does necessarily have to promote a specific product, but the label acknowledgment should be

Globalisation of Consumer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalisation of Consumer Culture - Essay Example Ted Levitt in his article, â€Å"The Globalisation of Markets† states that the needs and desires of people are becoming homogenized as do the tastes and modes of doing business (Mooij, 2000). McLuhan also prophesied that the media would turn the world into a global village. However, Kotler contends that consumers are not rational human beings and in fact markets are becoming more diverse. Thus based on the theories of cultural homogenization, Indigenization, and fetishism and cultural imperialism, this paper aims to evaluate the extent to which globalisation of consumer culture has led to cultural homogenization. Drivers of globalisation Appadurai identifies five global flows that are transforming the nature of society and eroding the barriers between them (Craig & Douglas, 2006). These include mediascapes (flow of imagination and communication), ethnoscapes (flow of tourists, migrants and students), ideoscapes (flow of political ideas and ideologies), technoscapes (flow of te chnology) and finanscapes (flows of capital and money). The collective effort of these five scapes is turning the world into what Tomlinson (1999) describes as â€Å"a single social and cultural setting†; globalisation makes the world a ‘single place’. Tomlinson however, maintains that connectivity still does not extend in any profound way to every single person or place on the planet; social and cultural divisions continue to persist. Globalisation and culture While culture has been defined by Hofstede as the collective programming of the mind that gives rise to set beliefs and patterns of behavior, and thereby distinguishes one group of people from another (Merz, He & Alden, 2008), cultural globalisation is the emergence of a specific set of values and beliefs that are largely shared around the planet (Movius, 2010). Globalisation of media has been held responsible for the globalisation of culture. However, with converging incomes, cultural values and habits ha ve not converged (Mooij, 2000). People would spend their incremental income based on their value pattern – the Americans would buy more cars while the Spanish would spend more on food. This implies that values, beliefs and patterns of behavior have not homogenized; cultural homogenization has not taken place despite converging income. Appadurai (2001) and Tomlinson (1995) believe that globalisation is not just an economic and a political phenomenon; it is also a complex cultural phenomenon. It promises new possibilities but also gives rise to new anxieties that transform social life. However, as global forces begin to penetrate local culture, it could lead to tensions or collisions. Thus the outcome could be displacement of local culture leading to homogenization of culture or it could lead to resistance due to cultural imperialism. Craig and Douglas (2006) emphasize that culture is pervasive and it is the lens through which individuals perceive and interpret phenomena. Howev er, cultures are dynamic and keep evolving over time; hybrid cultures (fusion of two or more cultures resulting in a new cultural element) develop as people travel across borders. Membership in a culture is becoming transitional and deterritorialized (a particular culture is no longer defined in terms of the specific geographic

Rides Control Essay Example for Free

Rides Control Essay To establish a firm background for all these systems an efficient network had to be installed in order to ensure a fast and comprehensive method of linking all those users. The FDDI network on a token ring topology is used as our backbone (FDDI stands for Fibre-Distributed Data Interface) and this gives us the requirements we need for speed, distance and capacity. The nature of our business and the way the Park is spread over a large area, necessitates our using several methods of communication. E-mail is used increasingly: our current software is Microsoft exchange server 5. 5 and Outlook 98. It should help to cut down considerably on memos, forms, notice board information and bulky reports. This has the dual effect of saving paper, ink and printing costs and conserves environmental resources. E-mail address and website: www. thorpepark. co. uk. E-mail goes directly to The Tussauds Group Head Office, and via networks from there, to the other attractions in The Tussauds Group using an ISDN link (Integrated Services Digital Network). The main telephone switchboard is also ISDN. Voicemail is used to prevent unanswered calls, and an automated attendant kicks in on the rare occasion when our receptionists are unable to answer all the lines, and it automatically operates after office hours. Through a desktop interface we can monitor calls. This is an invaluable tool for analysis of calls, determining our busiest times of day and helping us to plan our casting resources accordingly. Some cast use mobile phones, particularly those whose work takes them away from the office. Nearly all our cast rely on radios to keep in touch with each other when they are spread about the Park which enables cast to be diverted to specific areas wherever and whenever necessary. Cast can relay information about queue lines on rides and alert security cast to any emergency situation. There are 8 channels all of which can contact, and be contacted by, the Control Room. If a Park-wide emergency situation should arise, cast in the control room can broadcast simultaneously to every radio holder in the Park. The main security system is CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) which uses infra red cameras throughout the Park, linked to 24 hour video recorders. Black and white and colour monitors in the Control Room can pan and zoom to any area. In this way cast response to a particular incident can be co-ordinated cast response to a particular problem. Our own security cast are on site 24 hours a day. In merchandising, sophisticated till systems are in use in all the shops and food outlets. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) is used for our products with barcode scanning facilities for the whole range of goods on sale. This is linked to the central stock control to monitor the movement of all our merchandise and food items from both our warehouses. This is essential for maintaining sell-by dates and to forecast sales accurately. EFTOS (Electronic Fund Transfer Point of Sale) is the system through which credit and switch cards are debited immediately and automatically through the national banking system. Any credit or switch cards used in the shops are attached to a polling machine. This is essentially a communications technique which determines when a terminal is ready to send data the banks own computer will check all its attached terminals on a regular basis. All of the ride attractions have computer control systems that are fed by mechanical levers and optical sensors. The rides, that are all mechanical, fall into three categories water, motor and track. The computer, through the use of optical sensors, detects the locking of safety bars and the speed and number of carriages passing. This information enables the operator to dictate how fast and how often the ride runs. Each ride has a very comprehensive range of fail-safe devices that are mechanical or electrical. There is video surveillance on each ride cameras are trained on the tracks and on the carriages. This helps us to detect any faults or potential problems. Software programmes are applications that are bought in from major manufacturers such as Microsoft, Oracle (database), Computer Associate (backup) and Network Associate (anti-virus). These can be specifically suited to a particular business function, such as Finance packages, which include wages and payroll systems, spreadsheets, etc. Other more sophisticated software, such as AutoCAD, may be necessary for our Engineers and the production team for our Entertainments Department. We primarily use Microsoft Office 97, which contains a comprehensive range of applications such as Word, Excel, Outlook, Access, PowerPoint. It is possible to customise our own databases for instance, we have one specifically written for our Guest Services Department, Charter 2000. This logs comments made by guests, produces a personalised reply, and collates information so that it can be reproduced in report form using a programme called Business Systems. It is currently used at Thorpe Park and Chessington with a planned introduction to the other Tussauds Group attractions in 2001. This information is confidential between the guest and the company. We are registered under the Data Protection Act to declare any information we may hold. The Tussauds Group Marketing Database on the other hand is common information shared by every attraction in the company. It helps us gather marketing information in order to improve our service. There is an electronic booking service for groups so that they can arrange their visit and tickets by phone, with a credit card. Individuals can make advanced bookings. This helps us to build up a profile of our guests and their requirements. The sales and admission system is called Omni Ticket Network. OTN have supplied all the hardware apart from the hard drives, VDU screens and key boards, which are standard hardware made by Compaq. The software used is called Overview. The Attractions General Database (AGD) has been designed by Syntegra, the Systems Integration Business of BT and is a component of the Sales and Admissions system. Its primary purpose is to provide a data repository for Sales, guests and admissions data and to provide tools to allow analysis of this imported data. A secondary function is to facilitate the exchange systems, and General Marketing Database (GMD), the external guest contact system. AGD configures all the information taken from Overview (information collected through Admissions on the tills each day) and turns it into reports for Finance and Marketing.